Artifacts



        Although the ceramic materials from Operation 99-2 will undergo further analysis and quantification at a future date, preliminary observations of ceramic materials from Operation 99-2 shows a wide range of vessel forms, including plates, bowls, and jars of many different types.


Comales from the Southern Midden (Stratum 1, Excavation Level 3)
 
 
 


Burnished Ceramics from Operation 99-2



                       
      Walled/Winged Red Slipped Plate from Operation 99-2                                     Walled/Winged Plate (Profile)



    In addition to New World ceramics, 6 majolica sherds were recovered in the Operation 99-2 excavations. These were found both in the southern midden as well as Room 1. Two pieces of Plumbate were also recovered in midden excavations, although it seems unlikely that they date that feature in any way.


Majolica and glazed sherds from Operation 99-2 (Upper left two from midden, others from Room 1, Structure 6F4)


Olive Jar neck and lids (from Ciudad Vieja, but not Operation 99-2)

        Four possible decorative items (earflare fragments?), two decorated with excised designs, were recovered from 99-2.9.

        187 pieces of obsidian were recovered in Operation 99-2. Of particular interest, however, are the three units (99-2.33, 99-2.34, 99-2.35) excavated to the south of the southern wall of Room 1. In these three units, 46 (24.5%) of the 187 obsidian fragments were recovered. No other class of artifacts (ceramics have not been quantified yet, but field observation does not suggest that they will be found in large quantities in these three units) is found in high quantities in this area. In addition, of the three pieces of jade recovered in our excavations, two were located in the midden (a small sliver and an inclusion laden chunk), but the third was found in Level 1 of 99-2.34. This piece was a cylinder, possibly a jade bead which had not yet been drilled. Any solid conclusions must await detailed analysis of the production and use steps represented by the obsidian fragments recovered, but we can at least entertain the possibility that these items may be the refuse of stone-working activities. Non-obsidian chipped stone does not fit this pattern, found primarily within Room 1 or the southern midden, but the low quantity of this class (9) does not lend itself to identifying patterns.


Obsidian from Operation 99-2


Jade from Operation 99-2 (Left and right fragments from midden, center cylinder from area south of Room 1, Structure 6F4)

         Iron nails (33) and non-nail iron items (20) were found throughout the excavations. Five small sheets of copper were found in 99-2.9. Some glass was also found in several 99-2 units, but probably belongs to a period closer to the present than the one under study, as do modern orange glazed ceramics and porcelains.
        A metate grinding stone equipped with grooved legs was found in Room 1 near a paved area and evidence for posts (possibly supports). To the north, a mano was discovered resting on one of its short ends next to the north wall, as if it had been left leaning against the wall of the room
        In addition to the metate, mano, and burnt area (which we are suggesting was a hearth), the remains of several large bowls were found in the northwest corner of Room 1. Although a more secure conclusion must await the analysis of the chipped stone blades and the iron knife fragment found in Room 1, we believe that food processing may have been an important activity here.